52-Week Mid-term Efficacy of Tildrakizumab in Moderate-to-severe Psoriasis: A Real-life Multicenter Experience.

Tildrakizumab is an IL-23-inhibitor that has been approved to treat plaque psoriasis. However, few reports have become available on its efficacy profile in the real-world. Our objective was to study the mid-term efficacy of tildrakizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the Spanish routine clinical practice setting. This was a retrospective multicenter study that included a total of 91 psoriatic patients on tildrakizumab. The mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was 9.09 (SD, 5.30). The overall tildrakizumab survival rate was 93.47% for a mean treatment exposure of 30.18 weeks (SD, 16.57). No drug discontinuation was associated with drug tolerability, or adverse reactions. Absolute PASI ≤3 was reached by 91.3% and 96.5% of the patients on weeks 28 and 52, respectively. Response was not impacted by weight, age (>65), metabolic syndrome, presence of arthritis, or previous number of biological therapies used. Based on our own experience tildrakizumab is an effective strategy to treat plaque psoriasis and difficult-to-treat-areas.

Real-world Safety and Efficacy of Risankizumab in Psoriatic Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, and Not-interventional Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Risankizumab - a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the p19 subunit of IL-23 - has been recently approved to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Real-world data based on a representative pool of patients are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the mid- and long-term safety and efficacy profile of risankizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the routine clinical practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective and multicenter study of consecutive psoriatic patients on risankizumab from April 2020 through November 2022. The primary endpoint was the number of patients who achieved a 100% improvement in their Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (PASI100) on week 52. RESULTS: A total of 510 patients, 198 (38.8%) women and 312 (61.2%) men were included in the study. The mean age was 51.7±14.4 years. A total of 227 (44.5%) study participants were obese (body mass index [BMI] >30kg/m2). The mean baseline PASI score was 11.4±7.2, and the rate of patients who achieved PASI100 on week 52, 67.0%. Throughout the study follow-up, 21%, 50.0%, 59.0%, and 66% of the patients achieved PASI100 on weeks 4, 16, 24, and 40, respectively. The number of patients who achieved a PASI ≤2 was greater in the group with a BMI ≤30kg/m2 on weeks 4 (P=.04), 16 (P=.001), and 52 (P=.002). A statistically significantly greater number of patients achieved PASI100 in the treatment-naïve group on weeks 16 and 52 (P=.001 each, respectively). On week 16 a significantly lower number of participants achieved PASI100 in the group with psoriatic arthropathy (P=.04). Among the overall study sample, 22 (4.3%) patients reported some type of adverse event and 20 (3.9%) discontinued treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Risankizumab proved to be a safe and effective therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the routine clinical practice.

Características clínico-epidemiológicas y consideraciones terapéuticas de los hemangiomas congénitos e infantiles de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 3 años: estudio comparativo y revisión de la literatura / Congenital and Infantile Hemangiomas: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics Based on 3 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital — A Retrospective Case Comparison and Review of the Literature

El diagnóstico diferencial clínico entre los hemangiomas congénitos (HC) y los infantiles (HI) es complicado pero esencial para el tratamiento. El marcador inmunohistoquímico GLUT-1 ayuda a distinguirlos, sin embargo, la biopsia no es habitual. Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los HI y a los HC diagnosticados en un hospital terciario en un periodo de 3 años, con el objetivo de describir y comparar los principales aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Se incluyeron un total de 107 hemangiomas, 34 HC (NICH/PICH/RICH), 70 HI y 3 pendientes de clasificar. El HI superficial de cabeza y cuello fue el tumor más frecuente. El tronco fue la localización más frecuente de los HC. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de los HI. Para los HI, el tipo de respuesta obtenida fue independiente de las variables (sexo, fecundación in vitro, profundidad, localización y tipo de tratamiento) (AU)

Distinguishing between congenital and infantile hemangiomas is challenging, but essential for appropriate treatment. The immunohistochemical marker glucose transporter type 1 is helpful, but biopsies are uncommon in this setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and compare epidemiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics of congenital and infantile hemangiomas diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital over 3 years. We studied 107 hemangiomas: 34 congenital hemangiomas (rapidly involuting, partially involuting, and noninvoluting), 70 infantile hemangiomas, and 3 hemangiomas pending classification. Superficial infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck were the most prevalent tumors. Congenital hemangiomas were most often located on the trunk. Studied risk factors were more common in patients with infantile hemangiomas. In this group of patients, treatment response was independent of sex, in vitro fertilization, lesion depth and location, and type of treatment (AU)

[Translated article] Congenital and Infantile Hemangiomas: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics Based on 3 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital – A Retrospective Case Comparison and Review of the Literature / Características clínico-epidemiológicas y consideraciones terapéuticas de los hemangiomas congénitos e infantiles de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de tres años: estudio comparativo y revisión de la literatura

Distinguishing between congenital and infantile hemangiomas is challenging, but essential for appropriate treatment. The immunohistochemical marker glucose transporter type 1 is helpful, but biopsies are uncommon in this setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and compare epidemiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics of congenital and infantile hemangiomas diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital over 3 years. We studied 107 hemangiomas: 34 congenital hemangiomas (rapidly involuting, partially involuting, and noninvoluting), 70 infantile hemangiomas, and 3 hemangiomas pending classification. Superficial infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck were the most prevalent tumors. Congenital hemangiomas were most often located on the trunk. Studied risk factors were more common in patients with infantile hemangiomas. In this group of patients, treatment response was independent of sex, in vitro fertilization, lesion depth and location, and type of treatment (AU)

El diagnóstico diferencial clínico entre los hemangiomas congénitos (HC) y los infantiles (HI) es complicado pero esencial para el tratamiento. El marcador inmunohistoquímico GLUT-1 ayuda a distinguirlos, sin embargo, la biopsia no es habitual. Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo incluyendo los HI y a los HC diagnosticados en un hospital terciario en un periodo de 3 años, con el objetivo de describir y comparar los principales aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Se incluyeron un total de 107 hemangiomas, 34 HC (NICH/PICH/RICH), 70 HI y 3 pendientes de clasificar. El HI superficial de cabeza y cuello fue el tumor más frecuente. El tronco fue la localización más frecuente de los HC. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de los HI. Para los HI, el tipo de respuesta obtenida fue independiente de las variables (sexo, fecundación in vitro, profundidad, localización y tipo de tratamiento) (AU)

Congenital and Infantile Hemangiomas: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics Based on 3 Years' Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Retrospective Case Comparison and Review of the Literature. / Características clínico-epidemiológicas y consideraciones terapéuticas de los hemangiomas congénitos e infantiles de un hospital de tercer nivel durante un periodo de 3 años: estudio comparativo y revisión de la literatura.

Distinguishing between congenital and infantile hemangiomas is challenging, but essential for appropriate treatment. The immunohistochemical marker glucose transporter type 1 is helpful, but biopsies are uncommon in this setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and compare epidemiological, clinical, and treatment characteristics of congenital and infantile hemangiomas diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital over 3 years. We studied 107 hemangiomas: 34 congenital hemangiomas (rapidly involuting, partially involuting, and noninvoluting), 70 infantile hemangiomas, and 3 hemangiomas pending classification. Superficial infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck were the most prevalent tumors. Congenital hemangiomas were most often located on the trunk. Studied risk factors were more common in patients with infantile hemangiomas. In this group of patients, treatment response was independent of sex, in vitro fertilization, lesion depth and location, and type of treatment.

Efectividad, seguridad, calidad de vida y satisfacción de pacientes con psoriasis palmo-plantar tratados con espuma de calcipotriol y betametasona / Effectiveness, safety, quality of life and satisfaction of patients with palmo-plantar psoriasis treated with calcipotriol and betametasone foam

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad, la seguridad, la calidad de vida y la satisfacción de pacientes con psoriasis palmo-plantar (PP) no pustulosa tratados con espuma de calcipotriol y betametasona dipropionato (Cal/BD).Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de psoriasis no controlada con afectación PP para los que estuviera indicado iniciar tratamiento tópico con Cal/BD. Las variables recogidas fueron: demográficas (sexo y edad), antropométricas (índice de masa corporal (IMC)), relacionadas con la patología (Body Surface Area (BSA) categorizado como <10% o bien ≥10%) y relacionadas con el tratamiento (tratamientos farmacológicos previos).Para evaluar la efectividad y la seguridad del tratamiento se empleó el Palmoplantar Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PPASI) y el Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA), y se recogió la incidencia y gravedad de los efectos adversos. Para valorar la calidad de vida se utilizó el Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), así como el Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-14) para valorar la satisfacción del paciente con el tratamiento a las 4 semanas. Las variables de efectividad y de calidad de vida se evaluaron al inicio y a las 4 semanas de tratamiento, calculándose la diferencia en términos absolutos entre ambas.Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes (11 mujeres) con una edad de 59 (RIQ 11,4) años y un IMC de 25,9 (RIQ 6,0) kg/m2, todos ellos con un BSA <10%, previamente pretratados con tratamientos tópicos (74%; 14/19), acitretino (48%; 9/19) e inmunosupresores (26%; 5/19), entre otros. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate effectiveness, safety, quality of life and satisfaction of patients with non-pustular palmo-plantar (PP) psoriasis treated with calcipotriol and betamethasone (Cal/BD) foam.Material and methods: Observational, prospective study. We included adult patients with a diagnosis of uncontrolled PP psoriasis in which topical treatment was indicated. Demographic (sex and age), anthropometric (body mass index (BMI)), related to the pathology (Body Surface Area (BSA) categorized as <10% or ≥10%) and related to the treatment (previous pharmacological treatments) variables were studied. To evaluate effectiveness and safety of the treatment, Palmoplantar Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PPASI) and Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) were used, and the incidence and severity of the adverse effects were collected. To assess quality of life, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used, as well as Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-14) to assess patient satisfaction with treatment at the 4th week. The variables of effectiveness and quality of life were evaluated at the beginning and at 4th week of treatment, calculating the difference in absolute terms between them.Results: We included 19 patients (11 women) with a median of 59 (IQR 11.4) years old and a BMI of 25.9 (IQR 6.0) kg/m2. All the patients showed a BSA <10% and were previously treated with topical treatments (74%; 14/19), acitretin (48%; 9/19) and immunosuppressants (26%; 5/19), among others. (AU)

Persistencia de tratamiento con antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral frente a antagonistas de interleucinas en psoriasis moderada-grave / Persistence of treatment with tumor necrosis factor antagonists versus interleukin antagonists in moderate-severe psoriasis

Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar el tiempo de persistencia y analizar los motivos de suspensión con fármacos antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF) frente a antagonistas de interleucinas (anti-IL) en primera línea de tratamiento biológico en pacientes con psoriasis.Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional realizado entre 01/2010 y 05/2019. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos diagnosticados de psoriasis moderada-grave en tratamiento con anti-TNF o anti-IL en primera línea de tratamiento biológico. Se estudiaron variables demográficas y relacionadas con el tratamiento, calculándose el tiempo de persistencia con el fármaco de estudio, así como las suspensiones de tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 94 pacientes (39 mujeres) con una media de 49 años (desviación estándar 13,0), 46 (48,9%) pacientes tratados con anti-TNF (35/46 adalimumab y 11/46 etanercept) y 48 (51,1%) pacientes tratados con anti-IL (26/48 secukinumab, 15/48 ustekinumab y 7/48 ixekizumab). El tiempo de persistencia en primera línea de tratamiento biológico fue de 18,4 (rango intercuartílico (RIQ) 22,2) meses, siendo 9,3 (RIQ 21,7) meses superior en los pacientes tratados con anti-IL (24,7 vs. 15,4 meses; p=0,002). A la finalización del seguimiento el 38,3% (36/94) de la población había interrumpido el tratamiento, debido a: falta de efectividad (34,8% (16/46) anti-TNF vs. 14,6% (7/48) anti-IL; p=0,003), eventos adversos (2,2% (1/46) anti-TNF) y otros motivos (17,4% (8/46) anti-TNF vs. 8,3% (4/48) con anti-IL; p>0,05). Conclusiones: El tiempo de persistencia en primera línea de tratamiento biológico fue de 18,4 meses, siendo significativamente superior en los pacientes tratados con anti-IL. El principal motivo de suspensión fue la falta de efectividad en ambos grupos de tratamiento. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the time of persistence and to analyse the discontinuation reasons with tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF) vs. interleukin antagonists (anti-IL) as first line with biological treatments in patients with psoriasis. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study carried out between 01/2010 and 05/2019. Adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe psoriasis in treatment with anti-TNF or anti-IL as first line with biological treatments were included. Demographic and treatment-related variables were studied, calculating the time of persistence with the study drug, as well as treatment discontinuations. Results: We included 94 patients (39 women) with a mean of 49 years (standard deviation 13.0), 46 (48.9%) patients treated with anti-TNF (35/46 adalimumab and 11/46 etanercept) and 48 (51.1%) patients treated with anti-IL (26/48 secukinumab, 15/48 ustekinumab and 7/48 ixekizumab). Persistence time with biological treatment in first line was 18.4 (interquartile range (IQR) 22.2) months, being 9.3 (IQR 21.7) months higher in patients treated with anti-IL (24.7 vs. 15.4 months; p=0.002). At the end of the follow-up, 38.3% (36/94) of the population had discontinued their treatments. The reasons for discontinuation were: lack of effectiveness (34.8% (16/46) anti-TNF vs. 14.6% (7/48) anti-IL; p=0.003), side effects (2.2% (1/46) anti-TNF) and other reasons (17.4% (8/46) anti-TNF vs. 8.3% (4/48) anti-IL; p>0.05). Conclusion: The persistence time with biological treatment in first line was 18.4 months, being significantly higher in the anti-IL group. The main reason of discontinuation was lack of effectiveness in both groups of treatment. (AU)

Detección de problemas de salud ocular en pacientes polimedicados a través de nuevos servicios profesionales en farmacia comunitaria / Detection of ocular health problems in polymedicated patients through new professional services in Community Pharmacy

OBJETIVO: analizar los resultados de un nuevo servicio profesional especializado en salud visual (SPESV) para la detección de problemas de salud ocular (PSO) en pacientes polimedicados e identificar posibles factores asociados a su aparición y control. MÉTODOS: estudio observacional y descriptivo. Emplazamiento: farmacia comunitaria en Murcia, España. PARTICIPANTES: se incluyeron 92 pacientes que padecían al menos un PSO diagnosticado o sospecha y que utilizaban ≥ 4 medicamentos crónicos. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: se realizó un examen de salud visual protocolizado (ESVP). Las variables dependientes fueron los tipos de PSO detectados en el ESVP y las independientes la adherencia y el conocimiento sobre el tratamiento crónico oftálmico, entre otras. RESULTADOS: el número total de PSO fue de 303 (3,3 PSO/paciente), de los que el 64 % no estaba controlado (PSONC) y el 32,3 % era desconocido por el paciente. La mayor parte de PSO detectados fueron los relacionados con la refracción. El 57,1 % de los pacientes en tratamiento con antiglaucomatosos y el 100 % de los tratados para ojo seco denotaron una falta de adherencia al tratamiento; el 78,6 % y el 71,4 %, respectivamente, no conocían esta medicación. El análisis bivariante mostró que la edad, el nivel educativo y la profesión de los pacientes se relacionan con el número de PSONC. CONCLUSIONES: el SPESV en pacientes polimedicados permite la detección de un gran número de problemas de PSONC. Las principales intervenciones deben ir encaminadas a la mejorara de la adherencia y conocimiento de la medicación oftálmica, derivación al especialista y asesoramiento sobre la corrección oftálmica

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results of a new professional service specialized in visual health (PSSVH) for the detection of ocular health problems (OHP) in polymedicated patients and to identify possible factors associated with the appearance and control of these OHP. METHODS: Observational and descriptive study. LOCATION: Community pharmacy in Murcia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 92 patients suffering at least from a diagnosed or suspected OHP and who used ≥ 4 chronic medications were included. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Patients were given a protocolised visual health examination (PVHE). The dependent variables were the types of OHP detected in the PVHE and the independent variables were adherence to and knowledge of chronic ophthalmic treatment among others. RESULTS: The total number of OHP was 303 (3.3 OHP/patient), of which 64% were not controlled (OHPNC) and 32.3% were not known to the patient. Most of OHP detected were as-sociated with refraction.57,1% of the patients undergoing treatment with antiglaucomatous drugs and 100% of those treated for dry eye indicated non-adherence to treatment; 78.6% and 71.4% respectively had no knowledge of this medication. The bivariate analysis showed that age, educational level and profession of the patients are related to the number of OHPNC. CONCLUSIONS: The PSSVH allows a large number of OHPNC in polymedicated patients. Main interventions should be aimed at improving adherence to and knowledge of ophthalmic med-ication, referrals to specialists and advice on ophthalmic correction

Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2.

High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice show obesity with development of liver steatosis and a proinflammatory state without establishing an inflammatory reaction. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation prevents the inflammatory reaction through enhancement in the hepatic resolvin content in HFD-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or a control diet and supplemented with EPA (50 mg/kg/day) and HT (5 mg/kg/day) or their respective vehicles for 12 weeks. Measurements include liver levels of EPA, DHA and palmitate (gas chromatography), liver resolvins and triglyceride (TG) and serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (specific kits) and hepatic and serum inflammatory markers (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to CD, HFD induced body weight gain, liver steatosis and TG accumulation, with up-regulation of proinflammatory markers in the absence of histological inflammation or serum AST changes; these results were accompanied by higher hepatic levels of resolvins RvE1, RvE2, RvD1 and RvD2, with decreases in EPA and DHA contents. EPA+HT supplementation in HFD feeding synergistically reduced the steatosis score over individual treatments and increased the hepatic levels of EPA, DHA and resolvins, with attenuation of proinflammatory markers. Lack of progression of HFD-induced proinflammatory state into overt inflammation is associated with resolvin up-regulation, which is further increased by EPA+HT supplementation eliciting steatosis attenuation. These findings point to the importance of combined protocols in hepatoprotection due to the involvement of cross-talk mechanisms, which increase effectiveness and diminish dosages, avoiding undesirable effects.

[Psychomotor development from 0 to 4 years in indigenous children. A sistematic literature search]. / Desarrollo psicomotor de 0 a 4 años en infancia indígena. Revisión sistemática de la literatura.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate published articles regarding the development of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Systematic literature search. Parti cipants: Primary studies with populations of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. Type of studies: Primary studies with qualitative or quantitative methodologies published in the last ten years until November 2015. Databases: MEDLINE, Digital Library of the University of Girona: CERCADOR, EMBASE, Scielo. SEARCH STRATEGY: sensitive and specific. Free terms, MeSH, and Boolean. RESULTS: Nine articles remain for analysis. There are six central subjects related to intracultural patterns of expected development in indigenous childhood: 1) physical, 2) language, 3) socio-cognitive, 4) emo tional, 5) teaching-learning, 6) psychosocial, which reveal the existence of categories of sociocultural and spiritual contents. There is no defined period of time associated with the education. Learning is through observation and participation. Development is understood as a whole, intertwining the social, cultural, natural and spiritual. CONCLUSION: Spirituality and nature are at the center. Time as a goal to gain skills does not have a cultural function to demonstrate the acquisition of the inherent va lues to the culture. To base the assessment of development exclusively on psychomotor development as monitoring guide is insufficient to assess the integrality and complexity of the advances, abilities, and skills of indigenous children.

Desarrollo psicomotor de 0 a 4 años en infancia indígena: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Psychomotor development from 0 to 4 years in indigenous children: a sistematic literature search

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar artículos publicados respecto al desarrollo de niños/niñas de 0 a 4 años en el curso de la infancia indígena. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Participantes: Estudios primarios cuya población correspondiera a niños/as de 0 a 4 años en el curso de la infancia indígena. Tipos de estudios: Se incluyeron aquellos estudios cuyas metodologías fueran cualitativas o cuantitativas publicados en los últimos 10 años hasta noviembre de 2015. Bases de datos: MEDLINE, Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad de Girona: CERCADOR, EMBASE, Scielo. Estrategia de búsqueda: sensible y específica. Términos libres, MeSH, y Boolean. RESULTADOS: Quedan 9 artículos para el análisis. Se presentan 6 temas centrales que se relacionan con patrones intraculturales del desarrollo esperado en la infancia indígena: 1) lo físico; 2) el lenguaje; 3)lo socio-cognitivo; 4) lo emocional; 5) la enseñanza-aprendizaje; 6) lo psicosocial, que permi ten ver la existencia de categorías de contenidos socioculturales y espirituales. No se muestra una temporalidad definida asociada a la formación. El aprendizaje es por observación y participación. El desarrollo es comprendido como un todo, entrelaza lo social, cultural, natural y espiritual. CONCLUSIÓN: La espiritualidad y naturaleza están en el centro. La temporalidad como meta para dominar destrezas no ejerce función cultural para demostrar la adquisición de valores propios de la cultura. Basar la valoración del desarrollo centrándose exclusivamente en el Desarrollo Psicomotor como guía de vigilancia es insuficiente para valorar la integralidad y complejidad de los progresos, habilidades y destrezas de los niños/niñas indígenas.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate published articles regarding the development of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Systematic literature search. Participants: Primary studies with populations of indigenous children aged 0 to four years. Type of studies: Primary studies with qualitative or quantitative methodologies published in the last ten years until November 2015. Databases: MEDLINE, Digital Library of the University of Girona: CERCADOR, EMBASE, Scielo. Search strategy: sensitive and specific. Free terms, MeSH, and Boolean. RESULTS: Nine articles remain for analysis. There are six central subjects related to intracultural patterns of expected development in indigenous childhood: 1) physical, 2) language, 3) socio-cognitive, 4) emo tional, 5) teaching-learning, 6) psychosocial, which reveal the existence of categories of sociocultural and spiritual contents. There is no defined period of time associated with the education. Learning is through observation and participation. Development is understood as a whole, intertwining the social, cultural, natural and spiritual. CONCLUSION: Spirituality and nature are at the center. Time as a goal to gain skills does not have a cultural function to demonstrate the acquisition of the inherent va lues to the culture. To base the assessment of development exclusively on psychomotor development as monitoring guide is insufficient to assess the integrality and complexity of the advances, abilities, and skills of indigenous children.

Liquen estriado en la infancia. ¿Una entidad relacionada con la dermatitis atópica? / Lichen Striatus in Childhood: Is It Associated With Atopic Dermatitis?

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Personas en situación de discapacidad visual en relación a las barreras y estrategias que afectan las actividades de la vida diaria instrumentales / Persons with visual impairment in relation with barriers and strategies affecting their performance in instrumentals daily living activities

El objetivo del estudio de metodología cuantitativa fue conocer la información disponible sobre el desempeño en las actividades de la vida diaria instrumentales (AVDI) de las personas en situación de discapacidad visual en relación a las barreras que presentan para su ejecución. Para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en distintas bases de datos y sitios web y documentos e información disponible en todo tipo de prensa. Las variables utilizadas fueron: actividades de la vida diaria instrumental, discapacidad visual, barreras, edad, año, idioma y país. Del total de la información recopilada, el 32,60 por ciento de las investigaciones tenían relación con la temática a investigar. En su mayoría correspondía a publicaciones del año 2008 con un 17,4 por ciento, siendo con mayor frecuencia documentos en idioma español (78,3 por ciento). En la literatura de Chile se encontró aproximadamente un 21,7% de información. La mayoría de la literatura incluía a todas las personas en situación de discapacidad con un porcentaje de 58,7 por ciento, todas éstas relacionadas con las barreras y AVDI, sin embargo, los documentos abarcaban mayor información sobre las barreras de comunicación (32,6 por ciento) y las AVDI relacionadas con la gestión de comunicación (37 por ciento). En conclusión la información para aquellas actividades como el cuidado de mascotas y crianza de niños y las investigaciones sobre el tema abordado, es insuficiente para así poder implementar estrategias que faciliten la independencia de estas personas.

The aim of this research with quantitative methodology was to know the available information about the performance at instrumental daily life activities of people with visual impairment in relation to the barriers that present to their performance. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out in different databases and websites, documents and information available in all types of press. The variables used were instrumental activities of daily life, visual impairment, barriers, age, year, language and country. The total of the information gathered, 32.60 percent of investigations had related to theme to investigate. The greatest amount of information found corresponded to publications of year 2008 with 17.4 per cent, being more frequently documents of Spanish language (78.3 percent). In the Chilean literature, approximately 21.7 percent of information was found. Most of information included all persons in situations of disability with a percentage of 58.7 percent, all these related to barriers and IADL however, documents included more information on the communication barriers (32.6 percent) and IADL related to the management of communication (37 percent). In conclusion, the information for activities such as pet care, child care and researching on the main theme is insufficient to implement strategies that facilitate the independence of these persons.

Erupción exantemática en paciente con mononucleosis infecciosa inducida por aminopenicilina / Aminopenicillin-induced exanthematous eruption in a patient with infectious mononucleosis

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The microtubular cytoskeleton of olfactory neurons derived from patients with schizophrenia or with bipolar disorder: Implications for biomarker characterization, neuronal physiology and pharmacological screening.

Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are highly inheritable chronic mental disorders with a worldwide prevalence of around 1%. Despite that many efforts had been made to characterize biomarkers in order to allow for biological testing for their diagnoses, these disorders are currently detected and classified only by clinical appraisal based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Olfactory neuroepithelium-derived neuronal precursors have been recently proposed as a model for biomarker characterization. Because of their peripheral localization, they are amenable to collection and suitable for being cultured and propagated in vitro. Olfactory neuroepithelial cells can be obtained by a non-invasive brush-exfoliation technique from neuropsychiatric patients and healthy subjects. Neuronal precursors isolated from these samples undergo in vitro the cytoskeletal reorganization inherent to the neurodevelopment process which has been described as one important feature in the etiology of both diseases. In this paper, we will review the current knowledge on microtubular organization in olfactory neurons of patients with SZ and with BD that may constitute specific cytoskeletal endophenotypes and their relation with alterations in L-type voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents. Finally, the potential usefulness of neuronal precursors for pharmacological screening will be discussed.

Increased levels of adenosine and ecto 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) activity precede renal alterations in experimental diabetic rats.

The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been clearly established, making diagnosis and patient management difficult. Recent studies using experimental diabetic models have implicated adenosine signaling with renal cells dysfunction. Therefore, the study of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate extracellular adenosine availability during DN is of emerging interest. Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats we demonstrated that urinary levels of adenosine were early increased. Further analyses showed an increased expression of the ecto 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), which hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine, at the renal proximal tubules and a higher enzymatic activity in tubule extracts. These changes precede the signs of diabetic kidney injury recognized by significant proteinuria, morphological alterations and the presence of the renal fibrosis markers alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, collagen deposits and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. In the proximal tubule cell line HK2 we identified TGF-ß as a key modulator of CD73 activity. Importantly, the increased activity of CD73 could be screened in urinary sediments from diabetic rats. In conclusion, the increase of CD73 activity is a key component in the production of high levels of adenosine and emerges as a new tool for the early diagnosis of tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease.

Intubación monocanalicular autoajustable para la obstrucción lagrimal congénita / Self-adjusting monocanalicular intubation for congenital lacrimal obstruction

OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia con la intubación monocanalicular autoestable Masterka, sin recuperación nasal, en la obstrucción lagrimal congénita en niños mayores de un año. MÉTODOS: Un total de 40 niños con edad media de 2,6 años (rango 1-7 años) fueron intervenidos de forma consecutiva. La sonda de Masterka incluye una guía metálica flexible dentro del tubo de silicona que la cubre totalmente hasta su extremo distal. El extremo proximal se ancla a punto lagrimal tras presionarlo con el terminal de un dilatador o pinza. Hubo monitorización y comprobación visual endoscópica de su correcta ubicación en tiempo real en todos los casos. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de maniobras quirúrgicas, excluyendo el tiempo anestésico, fue 1,56 min (rango 1,05-4). Los éxitos finales fueron un 97,5%, entendiéndolos como ausencia de epífora, la desaparición del colorante en menisco lagrimal y de secreción mucopurulenta. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue 15 meses (rango 7-21). CONCLUSIONES: La intubación con Masterka es un tratamiento primario efectivo. No ofrece más dificultad que el sondaje simple, puesto que la técnica quirúrgica es similar, sin embargo sus resultados funcionales son mejores, evita la posibilidad de tener que repetir el sondaje y es más fácil de realizar que la intubación bicanalicular clásica, al no precisar manipulaciones repetidas ni tener que introducir instrumental quirúrgico en el meato inferior, simplificando el proceso

OBJECTIVE: To present our work with the Masterka self-adjusting monocanalicular intubation without nasal recuperation in congenital lacrimal obstruction in children over 12-months old. METHODS: A total of 40 children between the ages of one and seven (average age 2.6 years) were consecutively operated on. The Masterka catheter has a flexible metal guide inside the silicone tube that covers it completely. The proximal end is fixed onto the lacrimal punctum by pushing it with a dilator or forceps. Its correct position was monitored and visually checked in real time during surgery in all cases. RESULTS: The average surgery time, excluding anaesthetic, was 1.56 min, ranging from 1.05 to 4 min. The final success was 97.5%, considering absence of epiphora, disappearance of colouring in lacrimal meniscus, and mucopurulent secretion. The average follow-up time was 15 months (ranging from 7 to 21 months). CONCLUSIONS: Masterka intubation is an effective primary treatment. It is no more difficult than a simple catheter, since the surgical technique is similar, but with better functional results. It avoids the possibility of having to repeat the catheterization and it is easier to carry out than bicanalicular intubation, since there is no need to manipulate repeatedly or use surgical instruments in the inferior meatus, thus simplifying the process